{"id":4908,"date":"2026-07-18T21:07:04","date_gmt":"2026-07-18T21:07:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/durhammovinghub.com\/?p=4908"},"modified":"2026-07-18T21:07:04","modified_gmt":"2026-07-18T21:07:04","slug":"an-ark-for-the-unloved-this-raleigh-lab-breeds-the-states-rarest-aquatic-species","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/durhammovinghub.com\/?p=4908","title":{"rendered":"An ark for the unloved: this Raleigh lab breeds the state\u2019s rarest aquatic species"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"summary\">AI-generated summary reviewed by our newsroom.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsobserver.com\/news\/nation-world\/national\/article280707640.html\">Read our AI Policy.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Finger-sized catfish with venom-packed spines and dark blue eyes back into modified clay pots, wary of their looming observers.<\/p>\n<p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/durhammovinghub.com\/?p=4906\">Pamela Anderson Offers Glimpse of Expansive Backyard Garden<\/a><\/p>\n<p>This is Notorious furiosus, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncwildlife.gov\/species\/carolina-madtom\">Carolina madtom<\/a>. In the low hum of pumps and filtered water at a lab south of downtown, a small team of <a href=\"https:\/\/cals.ncsu.edu\/applied-ecology\/programs-centers\/yates-mill-aquatic-conservation-laboratory\/\">biologists<\/a> is trying to keep it \u2014 and a handful of its obscure, imperiled neighbors \u2014 from becoming a fish only seen in photographs.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fws.gov\/press-release\/2021-06\/service-provides-endangered-species-protections-carolina-madtom-and-neuse\">federally endangered<\/a> Carolina madtom was historically found in two river basins in North Carolina and nowhere else in the world. The last fish in the Neuse River basin were found in 2018, according to Michael Fisk, conservation biologist with the N.C. Wildlife Resources Commission (NCWRC).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey\u2019re more than likely gone from the Neuse basin,\u201d Fisk said. \u201cThe last ones we\u2019ve found were in 2018. We\u2019ve done a lot of work since then, and just haven\u2019t found them since.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s a small range that covers just a handful of counties from the Triangle to the coastal plain, all within the Tar and Neuse watersheds. That\u2019s the same water <a href=\"https:\/\/raleighnc.gov\/water-and-sewer\/services\/watershed-protection-program\">Raleigh drinks<\/a>, which is part of why Fisk says people should care about a fish most will never see.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Carolina madtom and the rare mussels that we have are all really good indicators of water quality,\u201d Fisk said. \u201cSo if those are disappearing, you know there\u2019s issues.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Hundreds of these fish sit inside tanks at the <a href=\"https:\/\/yatesmillaquaticconservationcenter.org\/\">Yates Mill Aquatic Conservation Facility<\/a> in southwest Raleigh, a collaboration between Wake County and NC State University. <a href=\"https:\/\/cals.ncsu.edu\/applied-ecology\/people\/craig-lawson\/\">Craig Lawson<\/a>, conservation aquaculturist at the facility, manages the Carolina madtom propagation after starting his career researching commercial fish breeding.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s kind of a dream come true, really,\u201d Lawson said.<\/p>\n<p>Once a male and female pair up, they plug their den entrance with small pebbles and mate. Afterward, the females leave, and it\u2019s the single dads who do all the work, according to Lawson.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe male takes care of the egg mass,\u201d Lawson said. \u201cHe\u2019ll defend the babies too.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Then, the baby fish are carefully suctioned out one by one and grown for more than a year until they are released into the wild. Before release, they are tagged with a colored implant or microchip so their success can be tracked in the wild.<\/p>\n<p>For Lawson, the appeal of this work isn\u2019t just the fish themselves but what they represent about the place he calls home.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cLearning as much as you can about the little miracles in your own backyard is one of the great joys of doing aquatic conservation,\u201d Lawson said.<\/p>\n<p>As the Triangle develops, madtom habitat is suffocating in sediment. Impervious surfaces can\u2019t absorb rainwater, so rain washes dirt and pollutants from construction sites and eroded riverbanks straight into the river.<\/p>\n<p>That sediment buries the rock and debris madtoms depend on for cover, so they take shelter wherever they can, including beer cans and discarded prayer candles, according to Lawson. It also leaves them exposed to invasive predators like the flathead catfish, introduced decades ago and blamed for finishing off what habitat loss started.<\/p>\n<p>Madtoms also shelter under old mussel shells, a small sign of how tightly the fates of these species are bound together.<\/p>\n<p>While the facility opened in 2023, the work of preserving rare, little-loved aquatic species was not new for <a href=\"https:\/\/cals.ncsu.edu\/applied-ecology\/people\/christopher-eads\/\">assistant director<\/a> Chris Eads, who has been propagating endangered freshwater mussels for more than 25 years.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAbout 70% of our species in North America and in North Carolina are imperiled to varying degrees,\u201d Eads said. \u201cFreshwater mussels are some of the most endangered animals on the planet.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The Yates Mill center specializes in endangered, endemic species \u2014 organisms at risk of extinction that exist nowhere else on Earth. Breeding mussels might sound simple, but according to Eads, the process was practically undefined when he began.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI came up in a time where we were just kind of figuring it out,\u201d Eads said. \u201cMussel propagation and rearing is 100 years behind what fish aquaculture was. But it\u2019s cool. I love seeing people\u2019s reactions when they come in and see them up close.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/durhammovinghub.com\/?p=4904\">Thunderstorms spotted in central NC. What to know about the risk for the Triangle<\/a><\/p>\n<p>It turns out mussels have a rather complex life cycle. It begins when male mussels release packets of sperm into the water known as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncwildlife.gov\/wildlife-habitat\/species\/general-life-history-mussels\">spermatozoa<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>These float until they are sucked in by a female mussel, who uses it to fertilize her eggs. Now, the baby mussels need to disperse, but they can\u2019t move, so they hitch a ride on fish instead.<\/p>\n<p>Some species have even adapted to look like minnows to attract fish. When a bigger fish comes by to grab a meal, the mussel releases its larvae, which attach to the fish\u2019s gills and feed off its blood for a few weeks before dropping off.<\/p>\n<p>Even in the lab, sometimes only 20% of larvae successfully attach to a host fish, according to Eads. That\u2019s where <a href=\"https:\/\/cals.ncsu.edu\/applied-ecology\/people\/loretta-lutackas\/\">Loretta Lutackas<\/a>, a conservation aquaculturist and PhD student at NC State, pushes the boundaries of mussel propagation.<\/p>\n<p>Sometimes she harvests the unattached baby mussels \u2014 the size of a fine grain of salt \u2014 and raises them in plastic vials in the lab. Other times, she has to start from scratch, as some species have never been bred in captivity before or have unknown or hard-to-source host fish.<\/p>\n<p>Using modified lab techniques and supplemental blood serum from horses, rabbits and calves, Lutackas can let the mussels skip the parasitic stage entirely. For a program working with endangered species, Lutackas said, lab propagation is critical.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cEvery individual matters,\u201d she said. \u201cIf we can get most of them on fish, and we can catch even just a couple more in vitro, then it matters, because we are getting them out there.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>For all the species in Yates Mill\u2019s tanks, captive breeding can\u2019t undo what\u2019s happening in the rivers. Fisk has watched it happen with the madtom.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen we\u2019re doing snorkel surveys for madtoms, and we start seeing flathead catfish, the madtoms disappear pretty quickly after that,\u201d Fisk said.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncwildlife.gov\/species\/flathead-catfish\">Flathead catfish<\/a> are native to North Carolina, but not in the Neuse and Tar River basins. They were introduced into the Neuse River decades ago and had no natural predators.<\/p>\n<p>The madtom population was already declining due to sedimentation and habitat loss in the Neuse River basin. The invasive predator didn\u2019t so much cause the collapse as accelerate it.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey were already kind of hanging on by a thread, just because of chronic water quality issues and habitat issues,\u201d Fisk said, \u201cThen you add an invasive predator on top of that, and it just more than likely has wiped them out.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Fisk said there is no real way to reverse that once it\u2019s underway.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere\u2019s a level of hopelessness because currently, there\u2019s really no way to control flathead catfish once they become established in a place,\u201d Fisk said. \u201cThe biggest management tool we have is prevention, just keeping them out.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>However, Fisk said that in the Tar River basin, the invasive flathead catfish have not traveled into some tributaries farther up the watershed, providing a safe haven for the two main creeks where the captive-bred fish are released.<\/p>\n<p>According to Lawson, the spread of the catfish and the degradation of the river is a reminder that captive breeding, however carefully managed, is not a substitute for a healthy river.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPropagation is really great,\u201d Lawson said. \u201cProducing fish is cool, and it\u2019s a visible thing you can do. But the thing to emphasize to people is that, as rad as propagation is, it\u2019s really got to be paired with habitat restoration \u2026 in order to be a successful solution.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Saving fish and mussels most Triangle residents will never see in an ever-changing landscape is unsung work. But for Eads, the mission expands beyond just these threatened species.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMussels are helping clean our water as filter feeders,\u201d Eads said. \u201cThey are important bioindicators, and as we protect these small, rare species, we are then protecting their habitats and streams that we depend on, too.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Read more <a href=\"https:\/\/durhammovinghub.com\/?p=4902\">How Taylor and Travis&#8217; Wedding Guests Reacted to Adam Sandler Officiating<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn how NC State scientists propagate rare freshwater mussels and Carolina madtoms at Yates Mill Conservation Center to save these endangered species.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4907,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-read-todays-edition"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - 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